Bhupala

Bhupalam is a pentatonic (audava-audava) raga using shadjam, shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, panchamam and shuddha dhaivatham, omitting madhyamam and nishadham entirely. Because it lacks two notes it can mathematically be formed from more than one melakarta, and sources disagree on which parent to assign it. It is considered an auspicious raga traditionally performed in the morning, and is used for slokas, folk songs, Kathakali music and rituals.